Part 1: What is resilient infrastructure PPP? What do we know, and what are the knowledge gaps? 

Part 2: While all PPPs inevitably deal with financing, construction, regulatory, demand, and operational risks, among others, projects in disaster-prone regions must additionally develop commercially and technically viable solutions for managing disaster risk.

Part 3: To ensure that disaster responses are effectively delivered, governments must mainstream DRM in project planning and procurement, particularly through setting technical standards for bids and contracts and by establishing terms for bidding, award, and remuneration that reward resilience measures.

Part 4: National DRM policy and legal frameworks are foundational underpinnings that can support resilience building in infrastructure PPPs.

Part 5: A key means of effectively allocating and managing disaster risk is by way of the PPP contract itself.

Part 6: Governments can establish DRM-oriented principles of project selection and award, design incentives for promoting resilience via bid terms and selection guidelines, and enforce resilience standards by regulatory oversight.

Part 7: Disaster risk finance and the participation of financial institutions at various stages of the PPP project lifecycle can also support resilience in infrastructure PPPs. Risk mitigation and risk transfer measures are indispensable for both public and private parties.

Part 8: This brief highlights lessons and recommendations from the comparative case studies in India, Japan, and Kenya to help inform governments intending to mainstream DRM into infrastructure development and PPPs, in particular.